Correlates of maleness and femaleness

© Paul Cooijmans

Introduction

"Female" and "Male" are here defined as "Having chosen the corresponding option in the test registration form". When "Female" is encoded as 0, "Intersexual" as .5, and "Male" as 1, the following statistics result:

Statistics of Sex as of 26 January 2023

Contents type: Personal information.   

Remark: This male/female ratio of 4.3 understates the sex difference in high-range test participation considerably; on the level of test submissions, this ratio is more like 11, because males take more tests per candidate.

Correlation of Sex with other mental ability tests

Test name n r
Three Sonnets (Heinrich Siemens)40.90
Drenth number series130.75
Psychometric Qrosswords250.54
De Laatste Test70.51
Chimera Test (Bill Bultas)280.48
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the first degree270.46
Emode I.Q. test130.46
Dicing with death150.44
Psychometrically Activated Grids Acerbate Neuroticism140.42
Bonsai Test250.42
Analogies subtest of Long Test For Genius (Netherlandic)170.41
Odds280.40
Long Test For Genius (Netherlandic)160.36
Scholastic Aptitude Test (new)250.36
Encephalist - R (Xavier Jouve)200.32
Analogies #1320.32
Cito-toets270.32
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 2660.31
Test For Genius - Revision 2016490.30
Short Test For Genius730.30
Cooijmans On-Line Test310.30
The Hammer Of Test-Hungry - Revision 2013180.30
Advanced Intelligence Test (Randy Myers)740.30
A-16 - Early experimental association test in Netherlandic, 21 items50.29
Test For Genius - Revision 2004810.29
Spatial Insight Test260.29
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #41680.26
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #32730.26
Titan Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)490.26
Mega Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)640.25
Reflections In Peroxide510.25
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the second degree480.24
Narcissus' last stand330.24
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #23540.24
Chimera High Ability Riddle Test (Bill Bultas)1040.24
Qoymans Automatic Test #3110.23
The Final Test1260.21
Association subtest of Long Test For Genius (Netherlandic)200.20
Spatial section of Test For Genius - Revision 20041320.19
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (raw)490.19
Space, Time, and Hyperspace1810.19
Culture Fair Numerical Spatial Examination - Final version (Etienne Forsström)2890.19
Verbal section of Test For Genius - Revision 2016480.18
The Bonsai Test - Revision 2016630.17
The Nemesis Test650.16
The Test To End All Tests810.16
Numbers1200.16
Combined Numerical and Spatial sections of Test For Genius - Revision 2016750.15
Numerical section of Test For Genius - Revision 20101300.15
A-18 - Early experimental association test in Netherlandic70.15
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #11770.15
Omega Contemplative Items Pool (Tommy Smith)210.15
American College Testing program340.14
Verbal section of Test For Genius - Revision 20041160.14
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #51140.14
The Final Test - Revision 2013200.13
Unknown and miscellaneous tests4300.13
The Piper's Test170.13
The Alchemist Test360.13
Daedalus Test450.13
Gliaweb Riddled Intelligence Test (old version)450.12
Long Test For Genius840.12
Sigma Test (Melão Hindemburg)570.11
Analogies of Long Test For Genius980.11
Reason Behind Multiple-Choice - Revision 20081100.11
The LAW - Letters And Words190.11
Space, Time, and Hyperspace - Revision 2016780.10
A Paranoiac's Torture: Intelligence Test Utilizing Diabolic Exactitude440.10
Tests by Nikolaos Soulios (aggregate)310.10
Isis Test980.10
International High IQ Society tests (aggregate)830.10
The Marathon Test380.10
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 41070.10
Test of Shock and Awe230.09
Letters220.09
Logima Strictica 36 (Robert Lato)970.09
Gliaweb Riddled Intelligence Test - Revision 20112070.08
Words230.08
California Test of Mental Maturity130.07
Lieshout International Mesospheric Intelligence Test1170.07
A-12 - Early experimental oral association test in Netherlandic, 40 items180.07
Cooijmans On-Line Test - Two-barrelled version380.07
Reason - Revision 20081110.07
Numerical section of The Marathon Test640.07
Cartoons of Shock550.06
A-22 - Early experimental association test in Netherlandic, 27 items (maximum score 31)200.06
Numerical and spatial sections of The Marathon Test610.06
Queendom Culture Fair180.06
Combined Numerical and Spatial sections of Test For Genius - Revision 2010600.05
New York High I.Q. Society tests220.05
Verbal section of The Marathon Test420.04
Spatial section of The Marathon Test620.03
Cattell Culture Fair840.03
Association subtest of Long Test For Genius1090.02
The Sargasso Test710.02
Giga Test50.02
Strict Logic Spatial Exam 48 (Jonathan Wai)500.01
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 1650.01
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the third degree510.01
Genius Association Test1220.01
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (I.Q.)680.00
A-10 - Early experimental association test in Netherlandic80.00
Associative LIMIT80-0.00
Scholastic Aptitude Test (old)54-0.00
Qoymans Automatic Test #144-0.00
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 3193-0.01
Sequence Cave (Nuno Freitas)7-0.01
Strict Logic Sequences Exam I (Jonathan Wai)117-0.02
Test For Genius - Revision 201040-0.02
916 Test (Laurent Dubois)35-0.02
Non-Verbal Cognitive Performance Examination (Xavier Jouve)63-0.04
Test of the Beheaded Man54-0.05
Female Intelligence Test9-0.08
Qoymans Automatic Test #235-0.08
Cattell Verbal (also known as Cattell B)14-0.09
Analogies subtest of Long Test For Genius (French)11-0.09
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales79-0.10
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales for Children15-0.11
W-87 (International Society for Philosophical Enquiry)33-0.11
A-17 - Early experimental association test in English, 45 items8-0.12
Stanford-Binet17-0.13
Association and Analogies (French)12-0.13
Graduate Record Examination60-0.16
Graduate Management Admission Test12-0.17
Tests by Greg Grove (aggregate)57-0.21
Gliaweb Raadselachtig Analogieënproefwerk12-0.22
Association subtest of Long Test For Genius (French)11-0.22
Miller Analogies Test (raw; old version)19-0.23
Long Test For Genius (French)10-0.23
G-test (Nikos Lygeros)15-0.24
Epiq Tests (aggregate)28-0.24
European I.Q. Test17-0.25
A-19 - Early experimental association test in Netherlandic, 23 items5-0.26
Low Countries Aptitude Test7-0.35
Tests by Nicolas Elenas (aggregate)26-0.40

Weighted average of correlations: 0.126 (N = 8107, weighted sum = 1023.81)

Conservatively estimated minimum g loading: 0.36

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Remark: For clarity, a negative correlation here means that females score higher than males on that test. With regard to the size of the correlations, one should keep in mind throughout this report that these are correlations wherein one of the variables is a dichotomy, which tends to result in lower values than is the case with regular correlations.

Estimated loadings of Sex on particular item types

These are estimated g factor loadings, but against homogeneous tests (containing only particular item types) as opposed to non-compound heterogeneous tests. Although tending to surprise the lay person, it is not uncommon for tests to have high loadings on item types they do not actually contain themselves. Such loadings reflect the empirical fact that most tests for mental abilities measure primarily g, regardless of their contents; that the major part of test score variance is caused by g, and only a minor part by factors germane to particular item types. It is of key importance to understand that this is a fact of nature, a natural phenomenon, and not something that was built into the tests by the test constructors.

Typeng loading of Sex on that type
Verbal22530.41
Numerical4720.36
Spatial7200.39
Logical1870.35
Heterogeneous20290.33

N = 5661

Compound tests have been left out of this table to avoid overlap.

Balanced g loading = 0.37

Remark: This table implies that the sex score difference on high-range tests is smallest on heterogeneous tests and largest on one-sided verbal tests.

National means for Sex

Country n mean
Argentina91.00
Bosnia_and_Herzegovina51.00
Brazil211.00
Colombia21.00
Croatia41.00
Cuba31.00
Cyprus31.00
Czech_Republic51.00
Dominican_Republic21.00
El_Salvador21.00
Hong_Kong51.00
Hungary31.00
Japan211.00
Luxembourg21.00
Malta21.00
Nigeria51.00
Russia61.00
Serbia21.00
Slovakia21.00
Denmark210.95
France400.95
Norway180.94
Italy340.94
Spain340.94
Finland560.93
Korea_South260.92
Mexico130.92
Turkey210.90
Canada500.90
Germany1000.90
Poland200.90
Sweden870.90
South_Africa90.89
Austria170.88
Bulgaria80.88
Israel80.88
Romania80.88
Singapore80.88
Greece310.87
United_States4810.86
Philippines70.86
Yugoslavia70.86
Slovenia60.83
Thailand60.83
India350.83
China260.83
Iran50.80
Switzerland100.80
Australia280.79
Portugal90.78
Belgium440.77
United_Kingdom700.77
Malaysia40.75
New_Zealand80.75
Chile30.67
Netherlands1880.64

For reasons of privacy, only countries with 2 or more candidates are included in this table. Ranking is based on the unrounded means, and then alphabetic.

Notice that these national means represent the proportion of males among the candidates from that country.

Correlation with national I.Q.'s of Sex

Correlation of this test with national average I.Q.'s published by Lynn and Vanhanen:

Although very small, this negative correlation is significant as a result of the large number of candidates. In words, it means that in countries with higher average I.Q.'s, female participation in high-range testing is greater. This concords with the author's hypothesis that sex differences are smaller in populations of higher average I.Q.

Correlation of Sex with personal details

Personalia n r
P.S.I.A. Just - Revision 20071090.31
P.S.I.A. Antisocial - Revision 20071090.27
P.S.I.A. Rare - Revision 20071090.25
P.S.I.A. System factor - Revision 20071090.24
P.S.I.A. Cold - Revision 20071090.24
P.S.I.A. Aspergoid - Revision 20071090.23
P.S.I.A. Rational - Revision 20071090.22
P.S.I.A. Cruel - Revision 20071090.21
P.S.I.A. Introverted - Revision 20071090.12
Observed associative horizon720.06
P.S.I.A. Deviance factor - Revision 20071090.06
Year of birth19500.05
Educational level11210.02
Father's educational level10420.01
Disorders (own)1135-0.00
Mother's educational level1050-0.01
P.S.I.A. Neurotic - Revision 2007109-0.01
Disorders (parents and siblings)1097-0.03
P.S.I.A. Orderly - Revision 2007109-0.05
P.S.I.A. Extreme - Revision 2007109-0.05
Gifted Adult's Inventory of Aspergerisms201-0.11
P.S.I.A. True - Revision 2007109-0.12
P.S.I.A. Ethics factor - Revision 2007109-0.18
Cooijmans Inventory of Neo-Marxist Attitudes153-0.20
Observed behaviour163-0.38

These correlations reveal that females are markedly higher than males on neo-Marxist attitudes, and less often engage in negative behaviours like test fraud and insulting responses to disappointing scores. Males, on the other hand, are higher on the PSIA scales Just, Antisocial, Rare, System factor, Cold, Aspergoid, Rational, and Cruel.