Statistics of Reason

Scores on Reason as of 12 September 2024

Contents type: Logical.   Period: 2003-2008

• n: 39
• Median: 80.0
• Quartile deviation: 14.0
• Range: 96
• Maximum possible: 96
• Male median: 80.0 (n = 39)
• Proportion of males among candidates: 1.000
• Hardness: 0.27
• Resolution: 0.76

Correlation of Reason with other mental ability tests

Weighted average of correlations: 0.338 (N = 495)

Estimated g factor loading: 0.58

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Remark: These correlations were much too low on the whole, which was one of the reasons to revise the test.

Estimated loadings of Reason on particular item types

These are estimated g factor loadings, but against homogeneous tests (containing only particular item types) as opposed to non-compound heterogeneous tests. Although tending to surprise the lay person, it is not uncommon for tests to have high loadings on item types they do not actually contain themselves. Such loadings reflect the empirical fact that most tests for mental abilities measure primarily g, regardless of their contents; that the major part of test score variance is caused by g, and only a minor part by factors germane to particular item types. It is of key importance to understand that this is a fact of nature, a natural phenomenon, and not something that was built into the tests by the test constructors.

N = 345

Compound tests have been left out of this table to avoid overlap.

Balanced g loading = 0.61

National medians for Reason

For reasons of privacy, only countries with 3 or more candidates are included in this table. Ranking is based on the medians, and then alphabetic.

Correlation with national I.Q.'s of Reason

Correlation of this test with national average I.Q.'s published by Lynn and Vanhanen, later Lynn and Becker:

• r = 0.04 (n = 38)

Correlation of Reason with personal details

Estimated g factor loadings for restricted ranges

In parentheses the number of score pairs on which that estimated g factor loading is based. The goal of this is to verify the hypothesis that g becomes less important, accounts for a smaller proportion of the variance, at higher I.Q. levels. The mere fact of restricting the range like this also depresses the g loading compared to computing it over the test's full range, so it would be normal for these values to be lower than the test's full-range g loading.

Remark: In the upper part of the range, say above the mid-80s, there was a problem with "ceiling bumping" on this test, and it has been attempted to repair that in the revised version of 2008.

Reliability

• Split-half (odd-even) = 0.97
• Split-half (1, 2… 5, 6… vs. 3, 4… 7, 8…) = 0.74

Remark: Crohnbach's alpha can not be computed for this test because some of the item scores are greater than 1.

Error

• Standard error = 9.8 raw score points

Scores by age

N = 38

Scores by year taken

r_{year taken × median score} = -0.18 (N = 39)

Robustness and overall test quality

• Robustness by month = 0.68 (r_{raw scores × months} = 0.07)
• Quality = 0.612

Item analysis

Item statistics are not published as that would help candidates. To detect bad items, answers and comments from candidates are studied, as well as, for each problem, the correlation with total score on the remaining problems (item-rest correlation) and the proportion of candidates getting it wrong (hardness of the item). Possible bad items are revised, replaced, or removed, possibly resulting in a revised version of the test.

[More statistical reports]