Personality Scales for Intelligent Adults - Statistics of Extreme scale

© Paul Cooijmans

Introduction

These statistics are from the version of the PSIA that was in use from 2003 to 2007, and was highly similar to the later Revision 2007. The scores are t-scores (mean = 50, σ = 10) normed on an earlier group (partly overlapping this one) so this group may not have an exact mean and σ of 50 and 10. An explanation of the scale can be found through the test's order page.

Explanatory and analytical remarks regarding the interpretation of the statistics are purposely largely avoided, so it is up to the reader to study the report carefully and thus obtain a clear impression of the test's validity — that is, "what it measures". Although the statistics sometimes reveal an almost chilling discriminative power, experience shows that explicitly observing that in a remark tends to evoke negative responses in persons who recognize themselves ("Your remark betrays that your are biased! The test only measures your personal biases!", et cetera).

Scores on PSIA Extreme as of 18 February 2023

Contents type: Personality test other than for mental ability.   Period: 2003-2007

2 *
12 *
22 *
23 **
26 *
29 *
30 *
31 **
32 ***
33 **
34 **
35 ******
36 ***
37 *****
38 *************
39 ************
40 ******
41 ********
42 *********
43 ********
44 *************
45 *****
46 **********
47 *******
48 ************
49 ************
50 **************
51 ***************
52 *********
53 ********
54 *********
55 *******
56 *******
57 *********
58 **************
59 ******
60 **********
61 *******
62 ****
63 **
64 ****
65 ****
66 ******
67 **
68 *
69 ***
70 *
71 **
72 *
74 **
83 *
85 *

Scores by males

n = 238

2 *
12 *
22 *
23 **
26 *
29 *
30 *
31 **
32 **
33 **
34 **
35 ******
36 **
37 *****
38 *********
39 ***********
40 ******
41 *******
42 ****
43 *******
44 **********
45 ****
46 *********
47 ******
48 ***********
49 ********
50 ***********
51 *************
52 ******
53 ******
54 ********
55 *****
56 *****
57 *****
58 *************
59 ***
60 *********
61 *******
62 ***
63 *
64 ****
65 ***
66 ******
68 *
69 **
71 *
72 *
74 **
83 *
85 *

Scores by females

n = 57

32 *
36 *
38 ****
39 *
41 *
42 *****
43 *
44 ***
45 *
46 *
47 *
48 *
49 ****
50 ***
51 **
52 ***
53 **
54 *
55 **
56 **
57 ****
58 *
59 ***
60 *
62 *
63 *
65 *
67 **
69 *
70 *
71 *

Correlation of PSIA Extreme with other mental ability tests

Test name n r
Scholastic Aptitude Test (new)41.00
The Marathon Test40.94
Strict Logic Spatial Exam 48 (Jonathan Wai)40.92
Words40.79
Verbal section of The Marathon Test40.79
Chimera High Ability Riddle Test (Bill Bultas)40.74
916 Test (Laurent Dubois)50.60
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 440.55
Odds70.41
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the second degree40.38
Culture Fair Numerical Spatial Examination - Final version (Etienne Forsström)120.34
Numerical and spatial sections of The Marathon Test60.32
The Bonsai Test - Revision 201650.32
Numerical section of The Marathon Test60.31
Spatial section of The Marathon Test60.31
Bonsai Test60.29
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales120.27
Titan Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)80.18
Qoymans Automatic Test #350.17
Epiq Tests (aggregate)70.15
Cito-toets50.14
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 390.13
Numbers160.11
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (raw)80.10
Letters40.10
Evens40.05
The Final Test220.02
Genius Association Test290.02
KIT Intelligence Test - first attempts90.01
Cooijmans On-Line Test - Two-barrelled version4-0.00
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the third degree5-0.01
Reflections In Peroxide4-0.01
Non-Verbal Cognitive Performance Examination (Xavier Jouve)20-0.02
Cartoons of Shock8-0.03
Cattell Culture Fair12-0.04
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #491-0.05
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #26-0.05
Strict Logic Sequences Exam I (Jonathan Wai)20-0.05
Reason - Revision 20086-0.06
Tests by Greg Grove (aggregate)14-0.07
The Sargasso Test11-0.10
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #17-0.10
International High IQ Society tests (aggregate)22-0.14
Unknown and miscellaneous tests57-0.14
Narcissus' last stand4-0.16
Short Test For Genius4-0.16
Lieshout International Mesospheric Intelligence Test17-0.16
Reason13-0.17
Numerical Insight Test8-0.19
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 220-0.19
Psychometric Qrosswords5-0.20
Analogies of Long Test For Genius13-0.22
Mega Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)4-0.23
Cooijmans On-Line Test6-0.24
The Test To End All Tests16-0.25
Spatial Insight Test14-0.25
Reason Behind Multiple-Choice - Revision 20086-0.26
Spatial section of Test For Genius - Revision 200426-0.27
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #325-0.27
Scholastic Aptitude Test (old)8-0.28
Daedalus Test4-0.28
Verbal section of Test For Genius - Revision 200426-0.30
Associative LIMIT7-0.31
W-87 (International Society for Philosophical Enquiry)7-0.31
Test For Genius - Revision 200426-0.31
Space, Time, and Hyperspace23-0.33
Association subtest of Long Test For Genius14-0.34
Reason Behind Multiple-Choice11-0.34
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (I.Q.)6-0.37
Logima Strictica 36 (Robert Lato)16-0.39
Qoymans Automatic Test #24-0.39
The Nemesis Test8-0.39
Test of Inductive Reasoning / J.C.T.I. (Xavier Jouve)8-0.43
Test of the Beheaded Man9-0.48
Long Test For Genius9-0.49
American College Testing program7-0.49
Sigma Test (Melão Hindemburg)10-0.56
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 17-0.58
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #56-0.58
Test of Shock and Awe9-0.64
Isis Test13-0.65
Qoymans Automatic Test #14-0.69
European I.Q. Test6-0.80
Graduate Record Examination5-0.81
Tests by Nicolas Elenas (aggregate)6-0.81

Weighted average of correlations: -0.124 (N = 950)

Estimated g factor loading: -0.35

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Correlation of PSIA Extreme with other tests - for females

Test name n r
(80) Qoymans Multiple-Choice #411-0.38
(242) Unknown and miscellaneous tests4-0.66

Weighted average of correlations: -0.455 (N = 15)

Estimated g factor loading among females: -0.67

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Estimated loadings of PSIA Extreme on particular item types

These are estimated g factor loadings, but against homogeneous tests (containing only particular item types) as opposed to non-compound heterogeneous tests. Although tending to surprise the lay person, it is not uncommon for tests to have high loadings on item types they do not actually contain themselves. Such loadings reflect the empirical fact that most tests for mental abilities measure primarily g, regardless of their contents; that the major part of test score variance is caused by g, and only a minor part by factors germane to particular item types. It is of key importance to understand that this is a fact of nature, a natural phenomenon, and not something that was built into the tests by the test constructors.

Typeng loading of PSIA Extreme on that type
Verbal276-0.30
Numerical610.26
Spatial90-0.41
Logical37-0.48
Heterogeneous198-0.40

N = 662

Compound tests have been left out of this table to avoid overlap.

Balanced g loading = -0.27

National means for PSIA Extreme

Country n mean score
Mexico360.00
Brazil754.71
Norway554.40
South_Africa453.75
Canada953.11
Italy352.67
United_Kingdom1351.23
United_States9851.09
Australia650.00
Belgium849.50
Turkey449.50
Netherlands3449.15
Germany1248.00
Spain648.00
India1246.83
Finland546.40
China345.67
Poland345.33
Israel445.00
Sweden1744.88
Yugoslavia541.00
Korea_South337.00

For reasons of privacy, only countries with 3 or more candidates are included in this table. Ranking is based on the unrounded means, and then alphabetic.

Correlation with national I.Q.'s of PSIA Extreme

Correlation of this test with national average I.Q.'s published by Lynn and Vanhanen:

Correlation of PSIA Extreme with personal details

Personalia n r
PSIA Ethics factor2950.43
PSIA Deviance factor2950.42
Observed behaviour190.40
Observed associative horizon100.38
PSIA True2950.33
PSIA Rare2950.31
Gifted Adult's Inventory of Aspergerisms180.30
PSIA Introverted2950.19
Disorders (parents and siblings)2910.18
Disorders (own)2920.18
PSIA System factor470.11
PSIA Rational2950.11
PSIA Neurotic2950.11
Father's educational level2770.10
PSIA Aspergoid2950.10
PSIA Orderly2950.09
PSIA Antisocial2950.06
Year of birth2920.03
Educational level2920.00
Mother's educational level279-0.00
Sex295-0.08
PSIA Just295-0.08
Cooijmans Inventory of Neo-Marxist Attitudes9-0.21
PSIA Cold295-0.31
PSIA Cruel295-0.39

Correlation with personal details of PSIA Extreme - within females

Personalia n r
PSIA Neurotic570.42
PSIA Deviance factor570.38
PSIA Ethics factor570.36
Disorders (own)550.33
PSIA Rare570.29
Father's educational level470.28
Mother's educational level470.26
PSIA True570.25
Disorders (parents and siblings)540.23
PSIA Introverted570.15
Year of birth550.05
PSIA Aspergoid570.05
PSIA Rational570.01
PSIA Antisocial57-0.01
Educational level55-0.11
PSIA System factor10-0.14
PSIA Orderly57-0.14
PSIA Just57-0.14
PSIA Cruel57-0.41
PSIA Cold57-0.57

Correlation with personal details of PSIA Extreme - within males

Personalia n r
PSIA Deviance factor2380.44
PSIA Ethics factor2380.44
Observed behaviour180.44
PSIA True2380.35
PSIA Rare2380.33
Observed associative horizon90.28
Gifted Adult's Inventory of Aspergerisms150.22
PSIA Introverted2380.21
Disorders (parents and siblings)2370.17
PSIA Rational2380.16
Disorders (own)2370.15
PSIA System factor370.15
PSIA Orderly2380.13
PSIA Aspergoid2380.12
Father's educational level2300.08
PSIA Antisocial2380.08
PSIA Neurotic2380.03
Educational level2370.03
Year of birth2370.02
Mother's educational level232-0.04
PSIA Just238-0.06
PSIA Cold238-0.25
PSIA Cruel238-0.38
Cooijmans Inventory of Neo-Marxist Attitudes8-0.57

Estimated g factor loadings for restricted ranges

In parentheses the number of score pairs on which that estimated g factor loading is based. The goal of this is to verify the hypothesis that g becomes less important, accounts for a smaller proportion of the variance, at higher I.Q. levels. The mere fact of restricting the range like this also depresses the g loading compared to computing it over the test's full range, so it would be normal for these values to be lower than the test's full-range g loading.

Below 1st quartile0.49 (151)
Below median0.09 (467)
Above median-0.36 (455)
Above 3rd quartile-0.27 (203)

Concluding remarks

This scale is so interesting that it requires a comment: The following facts are implied with significance in this report:

This complex triangle of relations is possible because the correlations involved, though significant and sizeable, are lower than 1, and therefore allow such relations. This, in turn, results from non-unitary, multi-dimensional nature of personality. Personality consists of a number of aspects which are to some extent independent, that is, have imperfect intercorrelations. This is in contrast with the state of affairs among the various tests for mental ability, which tend to intercorrelate highly, implying a unitary trait ("g"). It is important to understand that these facts are natural phenomena, and have not been built into the tests by the test constructors, nor are they inherent to the statistical methods of correlation or factor analysis.