Personality Scales for Intelligent Adults - Statistics of Just scale

© Paul Cooijmans

Introduction

These statistics are from the version of the PSIA that was in use from 2003 to 2007, and was highly similar to the later Revision 2007. The scores are t-scores (mean = 50, σ = 10) normed on an earlier group (partly overlapping this one) so this group may not have an exact mean and σ of 50 and 10. An explanation of the scale can be found through the test's order page.

Explanatory and analytical remarks regarding the interpretation of the statistics are purposely largely avoided, so it is up to the reader to study the report carefully and thus obtain a clear impression of the test's validity — that is, "what it measures". Although the statistics sometimes reveal an almost chilling discriminative power, experience shows that explicitly observing that in a remark tends to evoke negative responses in persons who recognize themselves ("Your remark betrays that your are biased! The test only measures your personal biases!", et cetera).

Scores on PSIA Just as of 18 February 2023

Contents type: Personality test other than for mental ability.   Period: 2003-2007

30 **
31 **
32 *
33 ***
34 ******
35 **
36 *******
37 *********
38 ******
39 ***********
40 ******
41 ********
42 *****
43 *******
44 *************
45 **********
46 *********
47 **************
48 ************
49 **********
50 ************
51 **************
52 *************
53 *********
54 *********
55 **************
56 *****
57 ********
58 ********
59 ****
60 **********
61 *************
62 *
63 *****
64 ***
65 **
66 *
67 ****
68 ***
69 *
70 **
71 *
72 ***
73 *
76 ***
77 *
83 *
86 *

Scores by males

n = 238

30 **
31 *
33 ***
34 *****
35 **
36 *****
37 *******
38 *****
39 **********
40 ****
41 ******
42 *****
43 *****
44 ********
45 *******
46 ********
47 **********
48 *********
49 *********
50 ********
51 *************
52 **********
53 *********
54 ********
55 ***********
56 **
57 ********
58 ********
59 ***
60 *******
61 ************
62 *
63 ****
64 ***
65 **
67 ***
68 ***
69 *
70 **
71 *
72 *
73 *
76 ***
77 *
83 *
86 *

Scores by females

n = 57

31 *
32 *
34 *
36 **
37 **
38 *
39 *
40 **
41 **
43 **
44 *****
45 ***
46 *
47 ****
48 ***
49 *
50 ****
51 *
52 ***
54 *
55 ***
56 ***
59 *
60 ***
61 *
63 *
66 *
67 *
72 **

Correlation of PSIA Just with other mental ability tests

Test name n r
Graduate Record Examination50.94
Scholastic Aptitude Test (new)40.81
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (I.Q.)60.79
Qoymans Automatic Test #140.60
Strict Logic Spatial Exam 48 (Jonathan Wai)40.59
Daedalus Test40.50
Cito-toets50.48
Verbal section of The Marathon Test40.47
American College Testing program70.43
Odds70.42
Evens40.42
Qoymans Automatic Test #350.40
Isis Test130.40
Long Test For Genius90.35
Numbers160.35
Chimera High Ability Riddle Test (Bill Bultas)40.32
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (raw)80.24
Scholastic Aptitude Test (old)80.23
Space, Time, and Hyperspace230.20
Qoymans Automatic Test #240.19
Cattell Culture Fair120.17
Spatial Insight Test140.16
Logima Strictica 36 (Robert Lato)160.09
Words40.06
European I.Q. Test60.04
The Nemesis Test80.03
916 Test (Laurent Dubois)50.03
Cooijmans On-Line Test60.01
Spatial section of Test For Genius - Revision 2004260.01
Tests by Nicolas Elenas (aggregate)60.00
Mega Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)4-0.02
Epiq Tests (aggregate)7-0.02
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 220-0.03
Short Test For Genius4-0.04
Test For Genius - Revision 200426-0.07
The Marathon Test4-0.08
Association subtest of Long Test For Genius14-0.10
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #491-0.13
Numerical Insight Test8-0.14
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales12-0.16
Strict Logic Sequences Exam I (Jonathan Wai)20-0.16
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #17-0.19
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the second degree4-0.19
Verbal section of Test For Genius - Revision 200426-0.20
Non-Verbal Cognitive Performance Examination (Xavier Jouve)20-0.20
International High IQ Society tests (aggregate)22-0.23
Cartoons of Shock8-0.23
Lieshout International Mesospheric Intelligence Test17-0.26
The Final Test22-0.28
Unknown and miscellaneous tests57-0.31
Test of Inductive Reasoning / J.C.T.I. (Xavier Jouve)8-0.31
Tests by Greg Grove (aggregate)14-0.32
Culture Fair Numerical Spatial Examination - Final version (Etienne Forsström)12-0.32
Reason Behind Multiple-Choice11-0.33
Analogies of Long Test For Genius13-0.38
Test of the Beheaded Man9-0.39
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #26-0.44
The Test To End All Tests16-0.44
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 17-0.45
Letters4-0.47
Reason13-0.47
KIT Intelligence Test - first attempts9-0.50
Spatial section of The Marathon Test6-0.51
Numerical section of The Marathon Test6-0.53
Numerical and spatial sections of The Marathon Test6-0.54
Genius Association Test29-0.55
Titan Test (Ronald K. Hoeflin)8-0.55
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #325-0.59
W-87 (International Society for Philosophical Enquiry)7-0.65
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 39-0.65
Problems In Gentle Slopes of the third degree5-0.67
The Sargasso Test11-0.68
Sigma Test (Melão Hindemburg)10-0.69
Cooijmans On-Line Test - Two-barrelled version4-0.71
Test of Shock and Awe9-0.73
Psychometric Qrosswords5-0.77
The Bonsai Test - Revision 20165-0.78
Bonsai Test6-0.78
Reason - Revision 20086-0.80
Reason Behind Multiple-Choice - Revision 20086-0.87
Associative LIMIT7-0.88
Cooijmans Intelligence Test - Form 44-0.88
Qoymans Multiple-Choice #56-0.90
Reflections In Peroxide4-0.90
Narcissus' last stand4-0.98

Weighted average of correlations: -0.189 (N = 950)

Estimated g factor loading: -0.43

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Correlation of PSIA Just with other tests - for females

Test name n r
(242) Unknown and miscellaneous tests40.43
(80) Qoymans Multiple-Choice #411-0.54

Weighted average of correlations: -0.282 (N = 15)

Estimated g factor loading among females: -0.53

Ranking in above table is based on the unrounded correlations. All available data is present in this table, no tests are left out except for those with less than 4 score pairs. All known pairs are used, including possible floor/ceiling scores or outliers.

Estimated loadings of PSIA Just on particular item types

These are estimated g factor loadings, but against homogeneous tests (containing only particular item types) as opposed to non-compound heterogeneous tests. Although tending to surprise the lay person, it is not uncommon for tests to have high loadings on item types they do not actually contain themselves. Such loadings reflect the empirical fact that most tests for mental abilities measure primarily g, regardless of their contents; that the major part of test score variance is caused by g, and only a minor part by factors germane to particular item types. It is of key importance to understand that this is a fact of nature, a natural phenomenon, and not something that was built into the tests by the test constructors.

Typeng loading of PSIA Just on that type
Verbal276-0.53
Numerical610.21
Spatial900.15
Logical37-0.55
Heterogeneous198-0.53

N = 662

Compound tests have been left out of this table to avoid overlap.

Balanced g loading = -0.25

National means for PSIA Just

Country n mean score
China362.33
Australia655.67
Israel455.50
Poland355.33
Mexico355.00
India1253.33
South_Africa453.00
Brazil752.43
United_States9852.15
Yugoslavia552.00
Korea_South351.00
Netherlands3448.29
Sweden1747.94
United_Kingdom1347.77
Belgium847.50
Spain647.33
Finland546.80
Norway546.60
Turkey444.25
Italy343.67
Germany1243.58
Canada943.22

For reasons of privacy, only countries with 3 or more candidates are included in this table. Ranking is based on the unrounded means, and then alphabetic.

Correlation with national I.Q.'s of PSIA Just

Correlation of this test with national average I.Q.'s published by Lynn and Vanhanen:

Correlation of PSIA Just with personal details

Personalia n r
PSIA System factor470.69
PSIA Cruel2950.38
PSIA Aspergoid2950.28
PSIA Cold2950.23
PSIA Antisocial2950.22
Gifted Adult's Inventory of Aspergerisms180.22
PSIA Neurotic2950.18
PSIA Introverted2950.17
PSIA Deviance factor2950.17
Year of birth2920.14
Disorders (own)2920.14
PSIA Rare2950.09
Sex2950.07
Disorders (parents and siblings)2910.06
Mother's educational level279-0.00
Observed associative horizon10-0.01
PSIA Orderly295-0.01
PSIA Rational295-0.01
Father's educational level277-0.02
PSIA True295-0.03
PSIA Extreme295-0.08
Educational level292-0.10
PSIA Ethics factor295-0.22
Observed behaviour19-0.28
Cooijmans Inventory of Neo-Marxist Attitudes9-0.79

Correlation with personal details of PSIA Just - within females

Personalia n r
PSIA System factor100.83
PSIA Cruel570.40
PSIA Antisocial570.24
Year of birth550.15
PSIA Cold570.14
Disorders (own)550.10
Father's educational level470.10
Disorders (parents and siblings)540.03
PSIA Aspergoid570.03
PSIA Neurotic570.02
PSIA True57-0.02
Mother's educational level47-0.03
PSIA Introverted57-0.03
PSIA Rational57-0.06
PSIA Deviance factor57-0.08
PSIA Rare57-0.09
Educational level55-0.14
PSIA Extreme57-0.14
PSIA Orderly57-0.19
PSIA Ethics factor57-0.24

Correlation with personal details of PSIA Just - within males

Personalia n r
PSIA System factor370.67
PSIA Cruel2380.38
PSIA Aspergoid2380.32
Gifted Adult's Inventory of Aspergerisms150.26
PSIA Cold2380.24
PSIA Neurotic2380.24
PSIA Antisocial2380.22
PSIA Introverted2380.22
PSIA Deviance factor2380.22
Year of birth2370.15
Disorders (own)2370.14
Observed associative horizon90.13
PSIA Rare2380.13
Disorders (parents and siblings)2370.08
PSIA Orderly2380.03
Mother's educational level2320.00
PSIA Rational238-0.03
PSIA True238-0.03
Father's educational level230-0.05
PSIA Extreme238-0.06
Educational level237-0.11
Observed behaviour18-0.18
PSIA Ethics factor238-0.22
Cooijmans Inventory of Neo-Marxist Attitudes8-0.79

Estimated g factor loadings for restricted ranges

In parentheses the number of score pairs on which that estimated g factor loading is based. The goal of this is to verify the hypothesis that g becomes less important, accounts for a smaller proportion of the variance, at higher I.Q. levels. The mere fact of restricting the range like this also depresses the g loading compared to computing it over the test's full range, so it would be normal for these values to be lower than the test's full-range g loading.

Below 1st quartile0.49 (183)
Below median-0.28 (423)
Above median0.06 (471)
Above 3rd quartile0.18 (230)

The negative g loading appears to occur in the middle part, while at the low and high ends there is some positive loading.